Which of the following is an example of a building type?

The correct answer is the cathedral because it represents a specific type of building that is characterized by its religious function, architectural style, and cultural significance. Cathedrals are often grand structures designed for worship and community gatherings, complete with intricate designs and historical importance.

While libraries, shopping malls, and apartments are all building types, they do not carry the same level of distinctiveness and cultural heritage that cathedrals possess. Each of these examples serves a functional purpose and can be found in various styles and sizes, but none have the same iconic status or architectural elements specifically associated with a cathedral. Thus, cathedrals stand out as significant examples of building types within architectural study, particularly in the context of historical and cultural relevance.